TASS-DOSIER. On April 18-21, 2016, the 16th international exhibition "Neftegaz-2016" will be held in Moscow. The TASS-DOSIER editors have prepared a report on the state of the Russian oil and gas industry.

Production volumes

At the end of 2015, Russia produced 534.1 million tons of oil (including gas condensate), which is 1.5% more than in 2014 and 5.3% more than in 2010.

At the same time, gas production in Russia is gradually declining. In 2015, 635.3 billion cubic meters were produced. m, which is 1% less than in 2014. The annual record for gas production was set in 2011 (671 bcm).

Share in world production

Russia ranks second in the world in oil and gas production after the United States. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the share of the Russian Federation in world oil production is 11.2% (as of 2015), in gas production - 18.3% (as of 2014).

Stocks

As reported in March 2015 by the head of the Ministry natural resources and ecology of the Russian Federation Sergey Donskoy, the volume of proven oil reserves in Russia is about 14 billion tons, these reserves, while maintaining the current level of production, should be enough for 28 years. Theoretical reserves, according to the Ministry of Natural Resources, are about 29 billion tons.

Explored gas reserves in Russia, according to the Central Dispatching Directorate of the Fuel and Energy Complex (CDU TEK), are about 48-49 billion tons.

Large hydrocarbon reserves are concentrated on the Russian Arctic shelf. According to the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, its recoverable proven reserves amount to 447 million tons of oil and 10.1 trillion cubic meters. m of gas.

Major mining companies

The largest oil producing company in Russia is Rosneft (about 40% of production), in second place is Lukoil (16.3%), third place is shared by Gazprom Neft and Surgutneftegaz (10-11%).

In gas production, Gazprom accounts for 72%, another 11% - the share of Novatek.

Export

In 2015, Russia, according to Transneft (a monopoly in the main oil pipelines Russia), exported 244.5 million tons of oil (45.7% of production). Gas exports in the same year amounted to 200.9 billion cubic meters. m (34.8% of production).

Main importers Russian oil, according to the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation for the first half of 2015, are the Netherlands (18.3%), China (16.9%) and Italy (8.8%). The main importers of Russian gas in 2015, according to Gazprom, are Germany (about 28%), Turkey (about 17%) and Italy (about 15%).

Oil refining

At the end of 2015, the volume of primary oil refining in Russia amounted to 287 million tons, which is 2.7% less than in 2014. Rosneft accounts for 30% of refining, 16% for Lukoil, 14% for " Gazpromneft.

Share of oil and gas revenues in the budget and GDP

According to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the share of oil and gas revenues in the budget of the Russian Federation as of March 2016 is 37.4%. For comparison, in 2015, oil and gas revenues brought the budget 5 trillion 862.7 billion rubles. (42.9% of total income), in 2014 - 7 trillion 433.8 billion rubles. (51.3%).

The share of oil and gas revenues in GDP is also gradually declining. In 2010, according to Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin, it reached 25%. In November 2015, the speaker of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, Sergei Naryshkin, announced that the share of the oil and gas sector in GDP by the end of 2015 had fallen below the level of 10%.

Oil and gas industry Russia is not only the extraction of resources from the bowels of the earth, but also a system of complexes for cleaning fuel and manufacturing products. A huge role in the industry is given to specialized technical equipment and technologies. All this can be found at the annual Neftegaz exhibition organized by Expocentre. During the exposition, more than 20,000 craftsmen from the relevant industry segment, representatives of companies that manufacture equipment for the processing of minerals gather under one roof during the exposition. This made the Neftegaz exhibition not only the central event of the oil and gas industry but also brought it to the international level. The event is attended by domestic and foreign companies that are leaders in their field.

About a third of the world's natural gas reserves are concentrated on the territory of the Russian Federation. By and large, the bulk of the fields are located in the eastern part of the country, which account for 84% of the produced gas. For the convenience of transportation, a gas supply system was created in the state that combines compressor stations, a network of gas pipelines, resource storage facilities and deposits.

In terms of oil reserves, Russia is inferior to only five states. But even this is more than enough to develop this segment of production. In the transportation of oil, as in the case of gas, a system of oil pipelines helps. Practice has shown that this is the most efficient transport complex in the Russian oil and gas industry.

The role of the oil and gas industry in the Russian economy

In fact, many consider this industry to be a strategic outpost of the state: it is both the base that ensures the stability of the country and the basis for the development of its economy. It so happened that the modern world depends on fuel: vehicles run thanks to petroleum products, polymers are made from natural gas, part of medicines, even a toy in the hands of a baby is the result of processing minerals.

All this, without exaggeration, makes gas and oil the most useful and valuable resources not only for the fuel industry, but also for other areas. Therefore, the oil and gas industry plays a leading role in the Russian economy. The gas and oil complexes are closely connected with other sectors of the economy and production of the state. The commodity structure of domestic and international trade is full of products of gas and oil processing. Fossils are significantly ahead of other exports and imports. The commercial energy mix is ​​largely dependent on oil and natural gas production. Thus, if converted to oil equivalent, gas and oil account for approximately 60% of the world's consumption of energy sources.

Thanks to all this, the oil and gas industry plays a key role in the Russian economy.

The main enterprises of the oil and gas industry in Russia

One of the main sectors of the exhibition is considered to be a line presenting professional equipment for mining and processing. Manufacturers of technical equipment for the structures of the oil and gas industry take the Neftegaz exhibition very seriously, therefore they present high-quality equipment. All of it is used by the largest enterprises of the oil and gas industry in Russia:

• LUKoil;
• Rosneft;
• Surgutneftegaz;
• Gazprom.

Each of the gas and oil giants plays an important role for the country. At the same time, all companies are able to solve the most complex tasks at the state level. But at the same time, their activities are not complete without support from small enterprises that are engaged in exploration, installation work, and companies that are engaged in maintenance and construction of new towers, laying and repairing pipelines.

Without exaggeration, the largest oil producer in the country at the moment is LUKoil. The company is engaged not only in exploration, resource extraction, but also in the processing of fossil fuels and the sale of petroleum products. The Russian brand was included in the list of the largest brands on the planet. At the same time, in terms of oil reserves (according to internal sources of the company), LUKOIL ranks first in the world.

But in the field of gas production, OAO Gazprom currently dominates. The organization is considered the world's largest structural entity for the production of natural gas. It should be noted that the monopoly provides the country with fuel by about 94%. OAO Gazprom is rightfully considered the largest gas company in the world. At the same time, it owns the longest gas pipeline system.

Development of the oil and gas industry in Russia in the 21st century

According to the state energy strategy, the long-term development of the oil and gas industry in Russia involves the solution of the following issues:

• Rational consumption of existing mineral reserves;
• Expanded use of the raw material base of the oil and gas industry;
• Development of an energy-saving structure;
• Rational transportation and conservation of resources;
• Maximum use of all useful components in oil and gas processing;
• Construction of new mining centers.

At the moment, the Russian oil and gas industry is a powerful conglomerate that spreads its influence not only on the territory of the state, but also far beyond its borders. But even being a fairly developed structure, the Russian oil and gas industry requires development and capital investment.

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Fuel resources provide energy not only for the entire industry of any country in the world, but also for almost all spheres of human life. The most important part of the fuel and energy complex of Russia is the oil and gas sector.

Oil and gas industry- this is a generalized name for a complex of industrial enterprises for the extraction, transportation, processing and distribution of the final products of oil and gas processing. This is one of the most powerful sectors of the Russian Federation, largely forming the country's budget and balance of payments, providing foreign exchange earnings and maintaining the national currency.

The history of development

The beginning of the formation of the oil field in the industrial sector is considered to be 1859, when mechanical drilling of wells was first used in the United States. Now almost all oil is produced through wells with only a difference in the efficiency of production. In Russia, the extraction of oil from drilled wells began in 1864 in the Kuban. The production debit at that time was 190 tons per day. In order to increase profits, much attention was paid to the mechanization of extraction, and already at the beginning of the 20th century, Russia took a leading position in oil production.

The first major regions for the extraction of oil in Soviet Russia were the North Caucasus (Maikop, Grozny) and Baku (Azerbaijan). These dwindling older deposits did not meet the needs of the developing industry, and significant efforts were made to discover new deposits. As a result, several fields were put into operation in Central Asia, Bashkiria, Perm and Kuibyshev regions, the so-called Volga-Ural base was created.

The volume of oil produced reached 31 million tons. In the 1960s, the amount of black gold mined increased to 148 million tons, of which 71% came from the Volga-Ural region. In the 70s, deposits were discovered and put into operation West Siberian Basin. With oil exploration, a large number of gas deposits have been discovered.

Importance of the oil and gas industry for the Russian economy

The oil and gas industry has a significant impact on the Russian economy. Currently, it is the basis for budgeting and ensuring the functioning of many other sectors of the economy. The value of the national currency largely depends on world oil prices. The carbon energy resources produced in the Russian Federation make it possible to fully satisfy domestic demand for fuel, ensure the energy security of the country, and also make a significant contribution to the global energy and raw materials economy.

The Russian Federation has a huge hydrocarbon potential. The Russian oil and gas industry is one of the world's leading ones, fully meeting domestic current and future needs for oil and refined products. A significant amount of hydrocarbon resources and their products is exported, providing replenishment of the foreign exchange reserves. Russia ranks second in the world in terms of liquid hydrocarbon reserves with a share of about 10%. Oil reserves have been explored and developed in the bowels of 35 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Oil and gas industry: structure

There are several structural basic processes that make up the oil and gas industry: the oil and gas production, transportation and processing industries.

• Hydrocarbon production is a complex process that includes field exploration, well drilling, direct production and primary purification from water, sulfur and other impurities. The extraction and pumping of oil and gas to the commercial metering unit is carried out by enterprises or structural subdivisions, the infrastructure of which includes booster and cluster pumping stations, water discharge installations and oil pipelines.
• Transportation of oil and gas from production sites to metering stations, to processing enterprises and to the final consumer is carried out using pipeline, water, road and rail transport. Pipelines (field and main) are the most economical way to transport hydrocarbons, despite the very expensive construction and maintenance. Oil and gas are transported by pipelines over long distances, including across different continents. Transportation by waterways using tankers and barges with a displacement of up to 320 thousand tons, it is carried out in long-distance and international communications. Rail and trucks can also be used to transport crude oil over long distances, but are most cost effective on relatively short routes.
• The processing of crude hydrocarbon energy carriers is carried out in order to obtain various types of petroleum products. First of all, these are different types of fuel and raw materials for subsequent chemical processing. The process is carried out at oil refineries refineries. End products of processing, depending on chemical composition are classified into different brands. The final stage of production is the mixing of the various obtained components in order to obtain the required composition corresponding to a specific

Fields of the Russian Federation

The Russian oil and gas industry includes 2,352 oil fields under development. The largest oil and gas region in Russia is Western Siberia, it accounts for 60% of all extracted black gold. A significant part of oil and gas is produced in the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. The volume of production of the product in other regions of the Russian Federation:

• Volga-Ural base - 22%.
• Eastern Siberia - 12%.
• Northern deposits - 5%.
• Caucasus - 1%.

Share Western Siberia in natural gas production reaches almost 90%. The largest deposits (about 10 trillion cubic meters) fall on Urengoy field in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The volume of gas production in other regions of the Russian Federation:

• Far East - 4.3%.
• Volga-Ural deposits - 3.5%.
• Yakutia and Eastern Siberia - 2.8%.
• Caucasus - 2.1%.

and gas

The task of processing is to turn crude oil and gas into marketable products. Refined products include heating oil, gasoline for vehicles, jet fuel, diesel fuel. The refinery process includes distillation, vacuum distillation, catalytic reforming, cracking, alkylation, isomerization and hydrotreating.

The oil and gas industry in the world allows solving important economic, political and social tasks. Given the favorable situation on the world energy markets, many oil and gas suppliers are making significant investments in the national economy through export proceeds and are demonstrating exceptional growth dynamics. The most illustrative examples are the countries of Southwest Asia, as well as Norway, which, with low industrial development, thanks to hydrocarbon reserves, has become one of the most prosperous countries in Europe.

Development prospects

The oil and gas industry of the Russian Federation largely depends on the behavior of the main production competitors on the market: Saudi Arabia and USA. By itself, the total amount of hydrocarbons produced does not determine world prices. The dominant indicator is the percentage of production in a single oil power. The cost of production of 1 barrel in different leading countries in production varies significantly: the lowest in the Middle East, the highest in the United States. When the volume of oil production is unbalanced, prices can change both in one direction and in the other.