Krylov donkey and nightingale read the analysis. Donkey and nightingale. Fable Donkey and Nightingale

The donkey saw the Nightingale
And he says to him: “Listen, my friend!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would very much like
Judge for yourself, hearing your singing,
Is your skill really great?
Here the Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked, whistled
In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
That gently he weakened
And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,
That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
To the favorite and singer of Aurora:
The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,
And the herds came.
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.
The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead:
“Fairly,” he says, “it’s not false to say,
You can listen without boredom;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
Even if you were more aggravated,
If only I could learn a little from him.”
Hearing such a court, my poor Nightingale
He fluttered and - flew to distant fields.
Deliver us, God, from such judges.

Heroes

Donkey and Nightingale 🙂

Summary

The donkey learned that the nightingale was a great singer. He asked the nightingale to demonstrate his own skill. The nightingale began to sing beautifully. Everyone listened to his singing. The donkey, although he praised the singer, gave advice to improve his own talent to take lessons from the rooster in the yard.

Morality

The moral of the fable is that God deliver us from such judges as the donkey.

Fable analysis

History of creation

In 1811, I. A. Krylov's fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" was published in "Reading in the Conversation of Lovers of the Russian Word". V. Kenevich told the following story about the history of its writing. Krylov was invited to his place by “some nobleman” (probably Count Razumovsky, or Prince A.N. Golitsyn) with a request to read his fables. The fabulist did this with great artistry, hoping for a commendable review. The nobleman reservedly thanked Krylov, asking at the same time: “... why don’t you translate the way Iv. Iv. Dmitriev? Returning home, the annoyed poet described this scene in a new fable.

The meaning of the name

Main theme

The main theme of the work is a mockery of imaginary connoisseurs of poetry.

Krylov should not be blamed for a presumptuous-looking comparison of his work with the wonderful singing of the Nightingale. The poet appreciated his fables, which were included in the golden fund of Russian literature.

No less accurate is the comparison of the ungrateful nobleman with the Donkey. Without attaching much importance to the work of the author invited by himself, he mentions I. I. Dmitriev. This poet, together with Karamzin, stood at the origins of Russian poetry, left a very rich literary heritage, including poems, fairy tales, fables and other works. However, the nobleman is more attracted to Dmitriev's work as a translator. It is precisely the lack of translations that he reproaches Krylov.

Krylov compares translations with crowing. They have a certain value, but still cannot be considered a manifestation of true talent.

Issues

The fable, unpretentious at first glance, contains a very serious problem that has become relevant in Russia since the reign of Peter I: the admiration of high society for European art to the detriment of national art.

Russia has long had its own talented poets (Nightingale), but their judges (Donkeys) still prefer ancient and Western works. They believe that the best activity for national creators is the translation of classical poetry.

I. S. Turgenev wrote: “From childhood, Krylov was a typical Russian person all his life: his way of thinking, views, feelings and all his writings were truly Russian, and it can be said without any exaggeration that a foreigner who thoroughly studied Krylov’s fables, will have a clearer idea of the Russian national character than if he reads a lot of writings that treat this subject.

In this lesson, you will learn about another vice of Russian society, exposed by the great fabulist.

The fable, which will be discussed, was written more than a hundred years ago, but has not lost its relevance to this day.

Rice. 1. O. A. Kiprensky. “Portrait of I.A. Krylova", 1816 ()

The reason for the creation of the fable was an incident from the life of Krylov (Fig. 1): “Some nobleman (according to some - Count Razumovsky, according to others - Prince A.N. Golitsyn), perhaps following the example of imp. Maria Feodorovna, who patronized the poet, and perhaps sincerely wanting to make acquaintance with him, invited him to his place and asked him to read two or three fables. Krylov artistically read several fables, including one borrowed from La Fontaine. The grandee listened to him favorably and thoughtfully said: “That’s good, but why don’t you translate like Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev?” “I don’t know how,” the poet answered modestly. And so the conversation ended. Returning home, the fabulist, touched to the quick, poured out his bile in the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale." Kenevich V.F. From "Bibliographic and historical notes to Krylov's fables"

After the publication of Krylov's fable, they began to call it "The Nightingale". This nickname has entered the literature.

Let's turn to the text of the fable.

Donkey and Nightingale (Fig. 2)

Rice. 2. Frame from the animated film based on the fables of I.A. Krylov "In the world of fables" ()

The donkey saw the Nightingale

And he says to him: “Listen, my friend!

You, they say, are a great master of singing.

I would very much like

Judge for yourself, hearing your singing,

Is your skill really great?

Here the Nightingale began to show his art:

Clicked, whistled

In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;

That gently he weakened

And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,

That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.

Everyone was paying attention then

To the favorite and singer of Aurora:

The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,

And the herds came.

Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him

And only sometimes

Listening to the Nightingale, the shepherdess smiled

The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead;

“Fairly,” he says, “it’s not false to say,

You can listen without boredom;

It's a pity that I don't know

You are with our rooster;

Even if you were more aggravated,

If only I could learn a little from him."

Hearing such a court, my poor Nightingale

He fluttered and - flew to distant fields.

Deliver us, God, from such judges.

Vladislav Feofilovich Kenevich, a contemporary and the first systematic researcher of Krylov’s literary activity, wrote in Bibliographic and Historical Notes to Krylov’s Fables: “It is known that Krylov was incomparably stricter with himself than his readers: he rewrote the same fable many times , every time he reworked it and was satisfied only when there was not a single word left in it, which, as he put it, "got boring to him." That is why we can say that every word in the fable of I.A. Krylova carries a certain semantic load.

So, there are two key images in the fable: the Donkey and the Nightingale.

What words and expressions does the fabulist use to create the image of the Donkey? Let's turn to the dictionary.

"Buddy"- a familiar address to a friend (note that the Nightingale was not a friend of the Donkey, which makes his address even more familiar and careless, which allows us to conclude that the Donkey was bad mannered).

Next is the word "master" seems to convey admiration. A master is a master, a virtuoso in his field, and even in superlatives. But consonance with the word "buddy", and even the obvious tautology "great master" again negatively characterizes the Donkey, testifying to his ignorance.

TAUTOLOGY(from the Greek tauto - "the same" and logos - "word, concept") - the repetition of the same thing in different words. As a stylistic device, it belongs to the genus of pleonasm (excess).

"Considerably",- says the Donkey, after listening to the singing of the Nightingale. "Fairly" means "significantly, excellently." However, in explanatory dictionaries, this word is always accompanied by the mark “colloquial”, which means “colloquial”. The same can be said for words. "staring" And "pricked up".

Participial turnover "staring at the ground forehead" reminds us of donkey stubbornness. And immediately after him - the advice to "learn a little" singing from a rooster, which, judging by the pronoun "ours", is a close friend of the Donkey. And now let's remember the famous proverb: "Tell me who your friend is, and I will tell you who you are." The limited rooster is the friend of the same ignorant Donkey.

The image of the Donkey makes the reader laugh. Such an image is called COMIC.

By what artistic means does Krylov convey the beauty and charm of the Nightingale's singing?

The Nightingale's singing is reminiscent of a whole concert. For this, Krylov uses a number of homogeneous members: verbs “snapped”, “whistled”, “given”, “crumbled”. As well as a comparison with a flute, a metaphor "scattered like small shots", epithet "languid" flute.

The singing of the Nightingale produces a wonderful effect on all who hear it. He charmed everyone with his singing. He brought peace to nature and people's lives: “the breezes subsided”, “the birds fell silent”, “the herds of animals lay down”, “the shepherd admired the singing”.

Everyone was paying attention then

Favorite and singer of Aurora ...

AURORA- the goddess of the morning dawn (ancient Roman mythology).

Let's pay attention to one detail: the Nightingale does not speak at all, only sings, by this the author shows that the ignorant (colloquial and colloquial) is alien to this hero, unlike the Donkey, who constantly says something, while using mostly colloquial and colloquial vocabulary.

The author uses the technique antitheses, contrasting the Nightingale, a master of his craft, a true singer of nature, who enchants with his singing, and the Donkey, stupid, ignorant, ill-mannered, who understands nothing in real art.

ANTITHESIS- a stylistic device based on a sharp opposition of concepts and images.

The fable describes a situation that often occurs in real life. Someone self-confident and ignorant undertakes to judge about what he has no idea about.

The moral of the fable lies in the words: "God deliver us from such judges." Using the technique of allegory, the fabulist conveys to his reader the idea that if real art is often judged by those who do not understand anything about it, like the Donkey, then true masters, like the Nightingale, have a hard time.

MORALITY- this is an instructive conclusion from the main narrative, which is given at the beginning or at the end of the fable.

ALLEGORY- allegory - the image of an abstract concept through a specific image.

The fable "Donkey and Nightingale" was written by Ivan Andreevich Krylov more than a hundred years ago, but still has not lost its relevance, because such stupid judges as Donkey can be found in life in our time.

Krylov's fables [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http: ().
Librarian.RU. Writers of the 19th century. Ivan Andreevich Krylov [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
Ivan Krylov. 1769-1844 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
Krylov Ivan Andreevich [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
Krylov Ivan Andreevich. Memoirs of Contemporaries [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
Russian literature of the 19th century. Ivan Andreevich Krylov. 1760-1844 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().

Homework

Prepare for an expressive reading of I.A. Krylov "Donkey and Nightingale".
* Create an illustration for I.A. Krylov's "Donkey and Nightingale", using some methods of creating comic Images. For example grotesque (exaggeration): the huge head of the Donkey, as a sign of a “big” mind, but an exaggeratedly small figure of the Nightingale, emphasizing that its significance is not in appearance, but in the ability to sing. Or detail. For example, Donkey has glasses that he does not need, because he sees perfectly without them, so he does not look into his glasses, but over them.
* Suppose that the Donkey, because of his stubbornness, nevertheless decided to introduce the Nightingale to his friend the Rooster and wrote about it in a letter. The nightingale is well-mannered and polite, so he answers the letter of the Donkey. A small correspondence begins. Come up with this correspondence (keep the features of the speech of each of the characters).

Krylov's Fable: Donkey and Nightingale

Donkey and nightingale - Krylov's fable

Category: Preparation for GIA

Time and history of creation, theme

The fable was written in February 1811. The creation of this fable was preceded by the following incident: one foreign nobleman, who invited Krylov to visit, asked him to read “two or three fables” to him, and then said: “This is good; but why don't you translate like Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev?" “I don’t know how,” Krylov answered. The fabulist, touched to the quick, described this situation in the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale." After the publication of Krylov's fable, they began to call it "The Nightingale".

Poetics, idea (morality)

As always in a fable, the main technique is allegory and antithesis. In addition, in this work of Krylov, each of the characters embodies symbolic qualities.

The nightingale personifies a person - a master of his craft, an artist, a professional. Bird singing is appreciated by everyone who hears it and who understands what talent is. With high skill, Krylov himself describes the art of singing the Nightingale. These lines prove that Krylov is not just a fabulist, he is a great poet. This is not traditional fable speech, but the language of an idyll:

Here the Nightingale began to show his art:

Clicked, whistled

In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;

That gently he weakened

And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,

That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.

Everyone was paying attention then

To the favorite and singer of Aurora:

The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,

And the herds came.

Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him And only sometimes,

Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.

The donkey is the personification of a person who is not versed in art, who does not understand the subtleties of craftsmanship. But it is he who considers himself a connoisseur and connoisseur and considers it possible to evaluate the singing of the Nightingale. His verdict is peremptory: even the Rooster would have sung better. Krylov describes the absurdity of the situation. In the last line of the fable, he sums up: it is silly to undertake to judge something that you don’t even have an idea about. The author concludes: "God deliver us from such judges."

One of the most common vices of all mankind is the love of evaluating everything and everyone, regardless of the existence of grounds for this, the necessary knowledge and other things. This vice formed the basis of the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale".

Fable "Donkey and Nightingale"

The donkey saw the Nightingale
And he says to him: “Listen, my friend!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would very much like
Judge for yourself, hearing your singing,
Is your skill really great?
Here the Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked, whistled
In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
That gently he weakened
And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,
That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
Favorite and singer of Aurora;
The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,
And the herds lay down
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.
The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead,
“Fairly,” he says, “it’s not false to say,
You can listen without boredom;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
Even if you were more aggravated,
If only I could learn a little from him,
Hearing such a court, my poor Nightingale
He fluttered - and flew far away fields.
God save us from such judges.

The moral of Krylov's fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale"

The moral in the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" is the result of the story: the author concluded it in the last line. Although even without it, it is obvious to the reader how ridiculous and absurd the assessment looks to those who do not understand at all what they are judging.

Analysis of the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale"

In the presented fable, the main action takes place between two heroes: the Donkey and the Nightingale.

The first is an ignoramus, who knows nothing about singing and does not have an ear for music at all, but is so self-confident as to undertake to evaluate the singing of a nightingale.
The second is a real talent (this is confirmed by the numerous epithets of the author in his address, and descriptions of the actions that took place during his singing with others), a master of his craft, and everyone knows this, except for the Donkey, who asks the bird to demonstrate his skills.

Absolutely ignorant of music and being a stupid animal by nature, the Donkey criticizes what he hears and encourages the Nightingale to take lessons from the rooster - a noisy bird that screams in the morning without hearing or melody. Offended by such a comparison, the Nightingale, without dropping a word, simply flies away.

Through the prism of the described situation in the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale", Ivan Andreevich wanted to show the reader how stupid it is to be offended and prove something to the judges, who most often do not understand what they criticize / judge. The reason for this teaching was real case from the life of Krylov, when one of the nobles of that time (according to some he was Count Razumovsky, according to others - Prince A.N. Golitsyn) asked the fabulist to read out several of his works, and then asked why they differ from those that writes Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, thus insulting the "Nightingale" of Russian literature.

Winged expressions from the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale"

“God deliver us from such judges” is a reproach phrase from the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale” to an ignorant critic.